GEOGRAPHY OF ODISHA

Odisha extends from 17 degree 49-N to 22 degree 34-N latitude and from 81 degree 27-E to 87degree 29-E longitudes at eastern coast of India.It is surrounded by West Bengal at the north-east,Jharkhand at the north,Chhatisgarh at the west,Andhra Pradesh at the south and Bay of Bengal at the east. Morphologically the geography of Odisha can be divided into five parts: the coastal plains,the middle mountainous country,the rolling upland,the river valleys and the subdued plateaus.

The mountains region of Odisha covers about three fourth area of the state. This region is a part of Indian peninsula. In this region data to be referred and broad valleys are cut by Baitarani,Brahmani,Mahanadi,Rushikulya & Vansadhara rivers. The valleys are fertile, well-drained and densely populated. Morphologically this region can be divided into followin units : (a) Simulia and Meghasan mountains (b) Baitarani and Brahmani interfluous (c) The water shed between Brahmani and Mahanadi (d) The water shed of Rushikulya and Vansadhara. The elevation ranges from 610 to 1068 metres.

History

It came into existence as a separate province on 1st April 1936.Its position among the states of India is ninth in area and eleventh in population.Its area covers 4.74 percent of country's total area whereas its population accounts for 3.47 percent of the country's population.The average density of population is 269 per square kilometre as against average national figure of 382.The sex ratio of the state is 978 women per every 1000 men whereas at the all-India level it is 940.

About 85 percent of Odisha's population live in villages.The districts of Kandhamal,Mayurbhanj and Kalahandi are mostly rural having a rural population of about 94 percent.Only 15 percent of Odisha's inhabitants live in towns and cities. The percentage of literacy in the state is 73.45 percent as per as the 2011 census.The state enlists 124 urban units including 102 statutory census towns.They have either a municipality or a N.A.C.Only seven cities have a population of one lakh and more.The work force of the state consists of 37.5 percent of population out of which 32.7 percent are main workers and 4.8 percent are marginal.The states are economy being primarily agriculture based,majority of the work force is composed of cultivators and agricultural labourers,their percentage being 42.2 and 28.9 respectively.The rest rae engaged in cottage industries and other occupations.

Freedom Fighters

Baji Rout:

Baji Rout is the youngest martyr of India.Baji Rout was the youngest son of Hari Rout who was a boat man of the river Brahmani.After his father's death he was brought up by his mother who was thriving on wages earned by rice-husking in neighbourhood.When veer Baisnav hoisted a banner of mutiny against the king and founded prajamandal,Baji joined it in defiance of delicate age.British and the armed forces of king were in search of Veer Baisnav.

Birsa Munda:

Birsa Munda was an Indian freedom fighter and a tribal leader who seditioned against the British rule.He was an Indian tribal freedom fighter spiritual leader and clan hero who belonged to Munda tribe.Birsa Munda was born in 15th Nov 1875 at Ulihatu,Ranchi District.Ulihatu was the birth place of Sugana Munda who was father of Birsha Munda.His elder brother Komta Munda living in the village.Birsa's father ,mother Karmi hatu and younger brother,Pasna munda left Ulihatu and travelled to Kurumbda near Birbank in search of job as labourers.At Kurmunda his elder brother Komta,and his sister Daskir were born.Then the family moved to Bamba where Birsa's elder sister Champa was born.Birsa'early year were spent with his parents at chalked.

Subhas Chandra Bose:

Subhas Chandra Bose affectionately called as Netaji was one of the conspicuous leader of Indian freedom struggle.He was born on 18th january 1897 at Cuttack,odisha.His father Janaki Nath Bose was a famous lawer and his mother Prabhavati Devi was a religious lady.Subhas Chandra Bose was the ninth child among the fourteen children.In 1902 he was admitted to the Protestan Europian School.In 1913 he got the second position in the matriculation.

Odisha has culinary tradition spanning centuries if not millennia . Chhena Poda a sweet made from soft cheese dipped in sugar syrup and baked. It may also contain dry fruits.Chhena Gaja,Malpua,Kora,Kheera sagara,Chhenna jilabi,Chhena Jhili.

Previous Name of Odisha

Kalinga:

According to sprinkling scriptures (Mahabharata and several Puranas), a ruler Bali, the Vairocana, the son of Sutapa, had no sons. So, he requested the intellectual, Dirghatamas, to praise him with sons. The intellectual is circulating to have begotten five sons through his wife, the queen Sudesna.The princes were specified Anga, Vanga, Kalinga, Sumha and Pundra.The princes eventually founded kingdoms named afterwards themselves. The prince Vanga founded Vanga kingdom, in the advanced day division of Bangladesh and pattern of West Bengal. The prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of Kalinga, in the current day region of oceanic Odisha, including the Northern Circars.Ptolemy, Pliny the elder and Claudius Aelianus have besides mentioned a well known Kalinga in their texts.

Utkala:

Utkala was a part of Kalinga in several parts of Mahabharata. Karna is mentioned to have conquered kingdom of Utkala bounded by others.But, according to other texts like Raghuvasma and Brahma Purana, they were contradict kingdoms.There are part of views concerning the etymology of the name. Utkala may have meant northerly (uttara) part of Kalinga or ut-Kalinga.Utkala desha (country or land) may have meant the territory of "finest art" (utkarsha kala).There are furthermore other arguments belonging to the genealogy of the name.

Mahakantara:

This name has been found in several Gupta-era inscriptions. It verbally means "great forest"[citation needed] and it is continually identified by all of the modern-day Kalahandi and Jeypore region.The Mahabharata furthermore mentions a Kantara, which may have or may not have suggested the same region.

Udra:

Udra (also Urda-desha) may have necessarily voiced an ethnic everyone or community called Udra. But after may have referred to the kingdom of Udra, everywhere the oceanic region of Odisha.

Orda:

Odra (also Orda-desha) evocative to Udra, may have meant a community of group called Odra, but later came to represent to the territory of Odras.

Oddiyana:

Oddiyana, mentioned in several Buddhist texts, through several scholars may have specified Odisha.

Kamala Mandala:

Literally "lotus region", a c. 13th-century inscription found in Narla in Kalahandi refers to the division by this name.

South Kosala:

South Kosala (also Dakshina Kosala) may refer to the modern-day Chhattisgarh and some part of Western Odisha.It should not be troubled with Kosala, which is in contemporary day Uttar Pradesh. According to Ramayana, a well known of Rama's sons Lava ruled Uttara Kosala and his contrasting son Kusha ruled overall this region.

Kongoda:

A copper plate hang in Ganjam sector refers to division as Kongoda (also spelled Kangoda).

Trikalinga:

This name has been rest inscribed on some copper plates rest in Sonepur. Tri-Kalinga may have verbally meant "three Kalingas" and may have voiced the three states of Kalinga, South Kosala and Kangoda.

Chedi:

Chedi (also known as Chedirashtra) specified the kingdom of Kharavela. It was named afterwards his parentage, Chedi[citation needed] (also Cheti dynasty and Mahameghavahana dynasty).It should not be concerned with Chedi kingdom of western India.

Tosali:

Tosali specified a city and the region overall it was called Tosala, maybe a extension of Kalinga in Ashoka-era. The capital of Tosala has been sitting in modern-day Dhauli. In eventually era (c. 600 CE), North Tosali (Uttara Tosali) and South Tosali (Daskhina Tosali) have been mentioned, which were perhaps kingdoms north and south of the Mahanadi river.

Uranshin:

The appoint has been used by several 10th century Arab geographers.

Jajnagar:

The name used for Odisha in the Tabaqat-i-Nasiri (c. 1260), Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi (c. 1357), and disparate texts of the period.

Odivissa:

A name used in several Buddhist texts, including in those by Taranatha.

Education Institutes

Utkal University

The Utkal University, established in the year 1943, is the seventeenth oldest University in India. Its present campus at Vani Vihar, BHUBANESWAR is located on a sprawling 399.9 Acre area in the heart of BHUBANESWAR, with the Sainik School to its north, National High way No.5 to its south, Regional Research Laboratory and Institute of Physics to its west and the South Eastern Railway line to its east. The Foundation stone of this Campus was laid by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India on 1st January 1958 and the Campus was inaugurated by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, the second President of India on 2nd January 1963.

Fakir Mohan University

The Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore was established by the Government of Orissa, under Section 32 of the Orissa Universities Act, 1989 (Act 5 of 1989) and it was notified vide the Government's Notification No. 973 dated 3rd July, 1999. The University has also been duly recognized by the UGC under section 2(f) of the UGC Act by the Notification No. F-9-1 / 2000 (CPP-I), dated 11th February 2000 as well as under section 12(B), vide UGC letter No. F.9-1 /2000 (CPP-I) dated 23rd December, 2005. It has also been accredited by the Association of Indian Universities, vide their letter No. Meet: SC: 261:2K/108693, dated 22nd August, 2000. The University is functioning from its present campus at Vyasa Vihar. New campus at Nuapadhi has already started functioning. All the P.G. Departments of the University are computer based. Automation of the office and the library is going to be completed soon.

North Orissa University

The North Orissa University (NOU) was established in the year 1998 vide Government of Orissa notification No.-32930/HE dated 13th July 1998.The University is recognized by the University Grants Commission under Sections 2(f) and 12(B) of UGC Act,1956 with effect from 15.02.2000 and 21.06.2006,respecively.It is recognized by Bar Council of India and DEC,IGNOU/UGC. North Orissa University is included in the list of Association of Indian Universities and Association of Commonwealth Universities. The University is also accredited by National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC), Bangalore with B grade with effect from 10th January, 2011. The territorial jurisdiction of the University covers Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar districts of northern part of Orissa. These two districts are thickly populated with tribal population with an average of 63% inhabitants belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. There are 80 affiliated colleges, both general and professional, catering to the demand of higher education. As development depends crucially upon human capital, NOU shall act as a beacon light to this region so as to pull up the underprivileged youth to the national mainstream of art, culture, science and technology.

Sambalpur University

The Sambalpur University Act was passed by the Odisha Legislature on 10th December, 1966 to fulfill long cherished dream of the people of Western Odisha for establishment of a University. The University started functioning from 1st January, 1967 with Prof.Parsuram Mishra as the first Vice-Chancellor. The University was inaugurated on 4th January, 1967 by Hon’ble Chancellor A.N.Khosla. The University started functioning in 1967 in a rented private building at Dhanupali, Sambalpur and in Government building at Ainthapali, Sambalpur from 1968 - 72. In the year 1973 the University was shifted to the present campus named Jyoti Vihar at Burla.The territorial jurisdiction of the University covers 10 districts of the state of Odisha namely Sambalpur, Sundargarh, Jharsuguda, Deogarh, Bargarh, Bolangir, Subarnapur, Nawapara, Kalahandi, Boudh and Athamallik Sub-Division of Angul District.

Travel and Tourist

Ramchandi(ରାମଚଣ୍ଡୀ)

The temple Ramachandi is situated in kosala village. Kosala is a Village in Chhendipada Tehsil in Anugul District of Odisha State, India. This village is located at a distance of 28 Kms towards North from District head quarters Angul. 16 KM from Chandipada. 146 KM from State capital Bhubaneswar on Angul- Bagedia road. The village is known as scared place for Goddess Ramchandi. People believed that by worshipping Goddess Ramchandi the sterile women will obtain children.

Maa Bhadrakali Temple(ମା ଭଦ୍ରକାଳୀ)

The famous temple of Goddess Bhadrakali is located in the outer areas of the revenue village Aharapada which is at a distance of 8 kms away from Bhadrak town in the south- west direction. One has to go via Santhia and Utarabahini in the south-west direction of Kacheri Chhaka of Bhadrak town to reach the shrine. The statue of the Goddess is made up of black granite and is seated in lotus attitude on a lion. The temple remains open for visitors and fans everyday from 6.30 am to 1pm and again from 3pm to 9.30 pm.

Simlipal

The national park Simlipal is entrenched at the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha and 17 km from the district headquarter Baripada. The Simlipal National Park is popularly known as Simlipal tiger reserve. Simlipal National Park in the year 1973 was designated tiger reserve. India Govt in the year 1994 issued that creating the Similipal Biosphere Reserve.The Simlipal National Park total area covered is 845.70 square kilometers.

Ramatirtha Crocodile Project

Ramatirtha crocodile project is entrenched at Jasipur of Mayubhanj dist Odisha.The Ramatirtha center, meant for Mugger crocodiles, initially started by all of eggs and juveniles of Mugger procured from Tamilnadu. In 1984, alternately crocodile breeding was accomplished at the Centre and since then at least 1500 eggs have been hatched.Breeding of Mugger crocodiles was, anyway, hampered due to desire of funds from the Government.

Cuisines of Odisha

Pakhala:

It is a rice dish made by adding water to cooked rice. It may then be allowed to ferment overnight, this is called basi pakhala. The unfermented version is called saja pakhala. It is served with green chillies, onions, yoghurt, badi,saga etc. It is primarily eaten in summer.

Dalma:

A dish made from dal and vegetables.[18] It is generally made from dal and vegetables like green papaya, unripe banana, brinjal, pumpkin, patato,etc. It is garnished with turmeric, mustard seeds, and panch phutana. There are several variations of this dish.

Saag:

Odias typically eat loads of cooked green leaves of various types. They are prepared by adding "pancha phutana", with or without onion/garlic and are best enjoyed with pakhala. Other saagas that are eaten are pita gahama, khada, poi, koshala, sajana etc.

Pitha:

Pithas are a type of traditional Odia dishes.Poda pitha,Enduri pitha Chitau pitha,Arisa pitha,kakara pitha,Manda pitha,Parijata pitha,Nurukhurum pitha. These pitha's are enjoyed in different types of occasions and festivals like raja,astami,birthday etc.

Sweets:

Rasagolla, one of the most popular desserts in India, is in fact an Oriya invention. Salepur Rasagola.Rasagola, famous throughout India originated from Odisha Odisha has culinary tradition spanning centuries if not millennia. Chhena Poda a sweet made from soft cheese dipped in sugar syrup and baked. It may also contain dry fruits.Chhena Gaja,Malpua,Kora,Kheera sagara,Chhenna jilabi,Chhena Jhili.

Districts Details

2014 Vidhan Sabha Constituency

Council of Ministers

Chief Minister's Team

Shri Naveen Patnaik

Chief Minister and also in-charge of the Ministries/ Departments not specifically allocated to the charge of any Minister viz.:

Heads of Important offices

Hon'ble Governor

Chief/ Deputy Chief Minister

Chief Justice of Odisha High Court

Speaker-Deputy Speakers of Odisha

Opposition Leader in Odisha O.L.A

Chief Secretaries

Advocate Generals

Chairman of Odisha P.S.C

Daily news papers of Odisha

Daily Newspaper

Fairs & Festivals of odisha

Abbreviations of Odisha

01. APICOL- Agricultural Promotion & Investment Corporation of Odisha Limited

02. ATM- Automated Teller Machine

03. BDA- Bhubaneswar Development Authority/Berhampur Development Authority

04. BMC- Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation

05. BPL- Below Poverty Line

06. C. B.- Cantonment Board

07. C.M.C- City Municipal Council

08. CDA- Cuttack Development Authority

09. CMC- Cuttack Municipal Corporation

10. CPMGO- Chief Post Master General Odisha

11. CT- Census Town

12. DGP- Director General of Odisha

13. E.O.- Estate Office

14. DRDA- District Rural Development Agency

15. GRIDCO- Grid Corporation of Odisha

Eminent literary Person of Odisha

Senior Journalists of Odisha

Culture of Odisha

Odissi, also known as Orissi is one of the eight classical dance forms of India. It starts from the state of Odisha, in eastern India.It is especially different from other classical Indian dance forms by the importance it places upon the Tribhangi (literally: three parts break), the independent movement of head, chest and hip and upon the basic square (way of standing/way of thinking) known as Chauka or Chouka that shows (by using a physical object to represent an idea or emotion) Lord Jagannath.This dance is seen as different Bhangas ((way of standing/way of thinking)), which involves stamping of the foot and striking different (ways of standing/attitudes) as seen in Indian sculptures. The common Bhangas are Bhanga, Abanga, Atibhanga and Tribhanga.Odissi classical dance is about the wonderful/God-related love of Krishna and his partner Radha, mostly drawn from compositions by the important/famous Oriya poet Jayadeva, who lived in the 12th century CE.

Gotipua dance is another form of dance in Odisha. In Oriya everyday speech language Gotipua means single boy. The dance performance done by a single boy is known as Gotipua dance. When (loving fancy things too much) and declination came in to Devadasi or Mahari tradition due to different reasons this Gotipua dance tradition changed (and got better) as story (after this one) as these performance were practiced to please God.

The first of Odisha(Men)

The first of Odisha(women)

Largest,Longest of Odisha

Highest,Smallest of Odisha

Handicrafts & Handlooms

Waterfalls,Springs,Beaches & Lakes

Writer and Their Books Ancient Age

Religion of Odisha

Distance Guide Chat

The driving distance between Bhubaneshwar to all distance.

Odia Films

Odia Songs

Dance and Music

Pin Code & STD Codes of Odisha

Train Timing

Flights

The Bhubaneshwar / Biju Patnaik Airport in Bhubaneswar (BBI) operates regular flights to major Indian cities and is linked to international destinations through a streamlined schedule of flights. Domestic flights to 6 Indian metros, both direct and routed, are run by most of the regular and low cost carriers.

1. Bhubaneswar-Mumbai (BBI-MUM)
2. Bhubaneswar-Delhi (BBI-DEL)
3. Kolkata -Bhubaneswar (BBI-CCU)
4. Bhubaneswar and Bangalore (BBI-BLR)
5. Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar (BBI-HYD)

Bhubaneswar-Mumbai (BBI-MUM)

The Bhubaneswar-Mumbai (BBI-MUM) sector handles as many as 31 flights a day, both direct and indirect, routed through Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad or Bangalore. IndiGo, Air Deccan, Indian and Kingfisher fly non-stop between Mumbai-Bhubaneswar, with a flying time of 2 hours.

Bhubaneswar-Delhi (BBI-DEL)

Increasing demand from the Bhubaneswar-Delhi (BBI-DEL) sector has necessitated the need for 28 flights in and out of the Biju Patnaik airport. Kingfisher operates 9 flights into Bhubaneswar everyday while the rest are shared by JetLite, IndiGo, Kingfisher, Deccan, and Indian.

Kolkata -Bhubaneswar (BBI-CCU)

The Kolkata -Bhubaneswar (BBI-CCU) sector with 9 flights a day enjoys the shortest flying time of 40 minutes, and is supported by Indian, Kingfisher, IndiGo and Deccan.

Bhubaneswar and Bangalore (BBI-BLR)

Air Deccan and Kingfisher operate uninterrupted as well as hopping flights between Bhubaneswar and Bangalore (BBI-BLR) while Indian and IndiGo route their flights to Bhubaneswar via Hyderabad and Mumbai.

Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar (BBI-HYD)

Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar (BBI-HYD) are serviced by direct flights from Air Deccan and Kingfisher. Hopping flights between the two cities through New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore are offered by Indian, JetLite and Kingfisher.

1-Chennai is connected to Bhubaneswar via the cities of Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Delhi by Kingfisher and Indian.

2-The Centre is planning to upgrade the Biju Patnaik airport to an international standard, and develop a new airport at Jharsuguda in Western Odisha.

1. New Delhi to Bhubaneswar Flights
2. Mumbai to Bhubaneswar Flights
3. Kolkata to Bhubaneswar Flights

Hotels

Hotels In Angul

Hotels In BARGARH

Odisha Industries

Odisha Industries

Types of Industries in Odisha

The entire industrial structure of the state can be divided into following categories

• * Large-Scale Heavy Industries
• * Large-Scale Industries
• * Small-Scale Industries

*Large-Scale Heavy Industries

This segment includes the industrial units that need massive capital investment and include iron steel industry, aluminium, cement, ferro-manganese, ferro-chrome, steel rolling mills, fertiliser plants, thermal and power projects.

CEMENT

Odisha has 2.224 billion tonnes of proven limestone reserves. One of the earliest cement factory to have started operations in the state was the factory at Rajgangpur, named as the Odisha Cement Limited(OCL) that was established in December 1948, between the state of Odisha and M/s Dalmia Jain Agencies Limited.

There is another cement factory located in the adjoining district of Sambalpur at Brdol near Brgarh which is run by the Industrial Development Corporation of Odisha (IDCO) named The Hira Cement

INDIAN RARE EARTHS LIMITED

Set-up at the Atomic Energy Commission in the Gopalpur in 1978, the Indian Rare Earths Commission Limited extracts Titanium from the beaches of Gopalpur. It is also focussing on the strategic activities connecting with the atomic energy programme in this unit in Gopalpur. A monazite processing plant with an investment of 90 crore to produce rare earth chemichals and recover thorium and uranium will also commence operation in the Gopalpur plant.

CERAMIC GLASS

It is specialised in the production of glass. The raw material needed in this industry for the production of glass is silica, soda and limestone. Colouring agents like chromite and cobalt are also used.

REFACTORY UNIT

It is located in Kansbahal in Sambalpur, Rajgangpur near Rourkela in the Sundargarh district and Lathikata in Sundargarh. While other refractories are also present in Rourkela, Belpahad and Jahrmigudi. The ceramic plant by OCL in Rajgangpur is the largest in the followed by Manishree Refractories and ceramics of Kansbahal and the Odisha Industries Limited (OIL) at Lathikata.

ALUMINIUM MINES

Odisha is the largest producer of aluminium in India. Odisha’s key advantage for aluminium industry the fact that the state accounts for half of India”s bauxite reserves. Its location makes it close to the Chinese and South-East Asian markets and the presence of large ports makes it easier to access large export markets.

Prominent players in aliminium industry in Odisha are NALCO and HINDALCO. NALCO is expanding its aluminium capacity from 218,000 TPA to 345,000 TPA. HINDALCO at Hirakud has already expanded their aluminium smelting capacity from 65,000 TPA to 100,000 TPA.

ROURKELA STEEL PLANT(RSP)

The first integrated steel plant in the public sector in India, was set-up with German collaboration with an installed capacity of 1 million tonnes.

The plant has a capacity to produce 1.9 million tonnes of crude steel and was expanded and modernised in the mid 1990s. Its another unit is located in Barbil in Keonjhar.

The plant has also, for the first time in India, had adopted external desulphurisation of hot metal by calcium carbide injection process. RSP is one of the unique steel units under the SAIL umbrella with a wide variety of special purpose steels. As a responsible corporate citizen, RSP has taken effective measures in the area of pollution control.

STEEL INDUSTRY

With over 25% of India’s iron ore production reserves, Odisha accounts for over 10% of India’s steel production capacity and has a crucial advantage in the iron and steel industry. Further, the presence of seaport in the state makes exports and imports cost effective and more competitive.

The government has been taking steps to promote the ron and steel industry in the state. Prominent players present in Odisha’s steel industry are SAIL and Nilachal Ispat Nigam Limited.

NILACHAL ISPAT NIGAM LIMITED(NINL)

It is a compay promoted by Metal and Minerals Trading Corporation of India (MMTC), Industrial Promotion and Investment Corporation of Odisha Limited(IPICOL) and other government agencies.

NINL has become India’s largest exporter of saleable pig iron since 2004-05. Pig iron and LAM coke produced by NINL has established its acceptance in domestic as well as in interational markets.

Company is widely catering to the demands of the Eastern ,central and Northern regions of India for Pig iron apart of exports. It is supplying LAM coke to almost all steel plants of steel authority of India Limited and Rastriya Ispat Nigam Limited Vishakhapatnam.

NALCO(National Aluminium Company Limited)

It was set-up at Bhubaneswar in 1981 in collaboration with the Aluminium Pechiey of France. It is an integrated alumina/aluminium complex. This plant is one of the most modern plants in the World and biggest in Asia and located in ANGUL. After started its production , India has not only become self-sufficient in aluminium production, but has started exporting.

Port facilites foe export of bauxite, alumina and aluminium are available at Vishakhapatnam and Paradeep. The second aluminium plant of NALCO in the state runs in Damanjodi smelting/refining bauxite ore, with a plant capacity of 0.8 million tonnes per annum.

It is located at the foothills of Panchpatmali. NALCO’s captive power plant is located at Angul to which 2.4 milliom tonnes of cal is being supplied from Talcher.

FERRO-MANGANESE PLANTS

There are two big ferro-manganese plants in operation in the state. The first plant located at Joda in Keonjhar district is run by the Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited. The second plant at Rayagada in Koraput district is managed by Jeypore Sugar Company Limited. Both the plants get power from Hirakud Machkund Hydro-Electric Projects.

A ferro-silicon plant in Theruveli ; about 20 kms from Rayagada in Koraput started in 1967. A carbide plants is established at Theruveli to manufacture silicon carbide.

THE AURONAUTICAL INDUSTRY

The MIG Engine factory at Sunabeda near Koraput is a landmark in the industrial development of Odisha. This factory was established by Hindustan Aeronautical Limited (HAL) in collaboration with the former USSR.

Odisha RTO Code

RTO Code

RIVERS

Baitarani River

The Baitarani River is one of six major rivers of Odisha, India. It originates from the Gonasika/Guptaganga hills of the Kendujhar district. Afterwards for about half a kilometre the river flows underground and is not visible from outside. The Baitarani is known here by the name Guptaganga or the Gupta Baitarani, in Gonasika of Keonjhar district. It is 365 km long and its catchment area spread over 12,790 sq.kms. It leads into the Bay of Bengal after merging of the Brahmani at Dhamara mouth near Chandbali. The river has 65 tributaries, of which 35 join from the left side and 30 join from the right side. The main tributaries are Kangira, Ardei, Khairi, Bhandan, Deo, Kanjhari, Sita, Musal, Kusei and Salandi River.

Bahuda River

It originates from the Ramgiri hills of the Eastern Ghats in Gajapati district and joins the Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh. Its length 73 kms. having a catchment area of 1250 kms. The prominent tributaries are Poichandia, Bogiriadi, Batrada Nalla and Kantajura Nalla.

Bhargavi River

Bhargavi River originates from Bharga. Bhargabi river is a branch of the Kuakhai River meets the Bay of Bengal. The length of the river is 1,465 km. Bhargavi river flows across Khurda district of Orissa. There are four main branches all taking off from the left bank.viz. Kanchi, the east Kania, the Naya nadi and the South kanchi.

Bhede River

The Bhede River is a tributary of the Telen River.

Brahmani River

It is the second largest river in Odisha. It originates as two major rivers like the Sankh and the Koel from the Chota Nagpur Plateau of Bihar and both join at Veda Vyasa near Rourkela of Sundargarh district of Odisha forming the major River Brahmani. It has a catchment area of about 39,033 square kilometres and about 480 kilometres (300 mi) long. It flows through the Eastern Ghats in Sundargarh, Kendujhar, Dhenkanal, Cuttack and Jajapur districts into the coastal plains and enters the Bay Of Bengal along with a combined mouth with the river Mahanadi at DHAMARA.

LAKES

Chilika lake

Chilika lake is the biggest lake in our country India and the second biggest lake or lagoon with brachish water in the World. The pear-shaped Chilka Lake stretches across 1,100 sq km and stretches through three districts Puri, Khurda, Ganjam. The lake is home to a number of threatened species of plants and animals. The lagoon hosts over 160 species of birds in the peak migratory season. Birds from as far as the Caspian Sea, Lake Baikal, Aral Sea and other remote parts of Russia, Kirghiz steppes of Mongolia, Central and southeast Asia, Ladakh and Himalayas come here. The Satpara Island is popular as a dolphin-spotting site in Chilika Lake, Orissa. Kalijai Island is home to the Goddess Kalijai, venerated by the local fisher folk. The lake is an ecosystem with large fishery resources. It sustains more than 150,000 fisher-folk living in 132 villages on the shore and island.

Ansupa Lake

Ansupa lake is one of the biggest fresh water lake in Odisha. The Ansupa is a horseshoe shaped fresh water lake on the left bank of the Mahanadi opposite Banki in Cutack district. It is at present about 5 kms long and 1.6 kms wide. The lake stands at the foot of the Saranda hills. This lake spreads over 141-hectare.

Hirakud Dam

Hirakud reservoir forms the largest artificial lake in Asia which is present in Sambalpur and Jharsuguda. This reservoir spreads over an area of 746 sq km and a shore line of over 640 km. A twenty-one km drive on the dyke offers a unique experience of calm serenity. This huge lake is a part of the Hirakud Dam, which has been built over River Mahanadi and is the longest dam in the world.

Tribes

SCHEDULED CASTs(SCs) IN ODISHA :

The state of Odisha occupies an important place in the country having a high concentration of Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste population. As per the latest 2011 census, it is ranked 3rd (numerically) in terks of SC population in the country. Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Casts together constitute nearly 40% of the state's total population (STs 22.85% and 17.13%). The population of Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes is as follows

SCHEDULED AREAS IN ODISHA :

In exercise of powers conferred by sub-paragraph 6 of the 5th Scheduled to the constitution of India, the revised presidential order titled The Scheduled Areas(states of BiharnGujarat,Madhya Pradesh and Odisha), Order 1977 has declared the full districrs viz, Mayurbhanj,Sundargarh,Koraput,Telkoi,Champua,Barbil tehsils of Keonjhar district,Kandhamal,Baliguda and Udayagiri tehsil of Kandhamal district,Udayagiri tehsils,Gumma and Rayagada blocks of Paralakhemundi tehsils in Paralakhemundi sub-division and Suruda tehsil of Ghumsur sub-division in Ganjam district, Thuamul Rampur and Lanjigarh blocks of Kalahandi district and Nilagiri block of Balasore district as Scheduled Areas of the state. After reorganisation of districts in the state, 7 districts fully and 6 districts partly are covered under the Scheduled Areas of the state.

LIST OF SCHEDULED CASTs IN ODISHA :

01. Adi,Anjhar 02. Amant,Amat 03. Audhelia 04. Badaik 05. Bagheti,Baghuti 06. Bajikar 07. Bari 08. Bariki 09. Basor,Burud 10. Bauri 11. Baiti 12. Bavuri 13. Bedia,Bejia 14. Beldar 15. Bhata 16. Bhoi 17. Chachati 18. Chakali 19. Chamar,Mochi,Muchi,Satnami 20. Chandala 21. Chandbai Maru 22. Cherua,Chhelia 23. Dandasi 24. Dewar 25. Dhanwar 26. Dhoba,Dhobi 27. Dom Dombo, Duria Dom 28. Dosdha 29. Ganda 30. Ghantarghada, Ghantra 31. Ghasi,Ghasia 32. Ghogia 33. Ghusuria 34. Godagali 35. Godari 36. Godra 37. Gokha 38. Gorait,Korait 39. Haddi,Hadi,Hari 40. Irika 41. Jaggali 42. Kandra,Kandara 43. Karua 44. Katia 45. Kela 46. Khadala 47. Kodalo,Khodalo 48. Kori 49. Kummari 50. Kurunga 51. Laban 52. Laheri 53. Madari 54. Madiga 55. Mahuria 56. Mala,Jhala,Malo,Zala 57. Mang 58. Mangan 59. Mehra,Mahar 60. Mehtar,Bhangi 61. MewR 62. Mundapotta 63. Nagarchi 64. Namasudra 65. Paidi 66. Painda 67. Pamidi 68. Pan,Pano 69. Panchama 70. Panika 71. Panka 72. Pantanti 73. Pap 74. Pasi 75. Patial,Patikar,Payratanti,Potua 76. Rajna 77. Relli 78. Sabakhia 79. Samasi 80. Sanei 81. Sapari 82. Saunotia,Santal 83. Sidhria 84. Sinduria 85. Siyal 86. Tamodia 87. Tamudia 88. Tanal 89. Tiar,Tior 90. Turi 91. Ujia 92. Valamiki

TRIBAL CULTURE OF ODISHA :

One of the significant tribes of Odisha is Bonda Poraja tribe which has the tradition of following the practice of elopement at times of marriage. Another tribal community, known as Bagata tribe, is considered to be one of the native tribes conversing with each other in Adivasi Oriya language. Chenchu tribe resides in a special village known as Penta, clubbed together on kinship basis. Dal tribe of the Odisha state follows the religion of Hinduism and practice the rituals and rites of the same. Dharua tribe lives specially in the Malkanagiri district. There are various other tribal communities in Odisha who serve a lot to develop the cultural life of the tribes of Odisha. Several districts of Odisha, namely Puri district, Kalahandi district, etc. are hubs of Holva tribe. Some tribal people, namely the jatapu tribe speaks their indigenous language along with Oriya language. Bnadhu and Kotumba are the two distinctive totemic clans of Juang tribe. Odisha also comprises Parenga tribe, Paroja tribe, Saora tribe, Sitha Khanda tribe, Sounti tribe and Tadvi tribe. Among them, Saora tribes amidst their rich heritage ennobles the ethnicity of the state and sadar tribe is one of the primitive tribes of the Indian sub-continent, also known to many as Kariya. Other tribes of Odisha include Bhumia tribe, Koli tribe, Bhunjia tribe and many more

OCCUPATION OF TRIBES :

A majority of the Odisha tribes take up occupations to sustain livelihood like gathering hunting and fishing. Tribal communities, residing in the hilly areas of Odisha, are adept in shifting cultivation. They are also engaged in handicraft industries or mills. Gadaba tribe and Bondo tribe posses their own looms ans are engaged in making clothes for regular use. Moreover, tribal people like Lohars and Mohali have mastered the art of tool making and basket weaving. Oran, Munda, Santhals and Ho have switched to the factories, industrial occupations and works in mines.

SOCIETY OF TRIBES :

The tribal communities of Odisha regard marriage as an important institution. Several rites and rituals that are associated with it are feted with lots of joy ans fervency. They are very much religious minded, widely practicing religions like animism, animalism, nature-worship,fetishism,shamanism and anthropomorphism. The tribes of Odisha also wors their ancestors. Their local and tribal deities are worshipped by sacrificing animals. The tribal people are superstitious and they take the Ojha of their community quite seriously to get rid of evil spirits.

FESTIVALS OF TRIBES :

The tribal people of Odisha follow a huge number of festivals including the birth ceremony, harvesting, marriage, sowing, etc. accompanied with tribal dance and songs. Mahua liquor is greatly enjoyed during the festivals. Among all, the most significant festivals of the tribes of Odisha are Push Parab and Chaitra Parab.